UK retail sales partly recovered in May, despite the continuation of coronavirus-related lockdown measures.
The amount of goods sold last month increased by 12%, in comparison with record falls seen in April, according to the Office for National Statistics.
Sales were boosted by a 42% rise at household goods stores, with DIY shops and garden centres reopening.
Non-essential retailers in England and Northern Ireland have also since been allowed to reopen.
Most shops in Scotland are to reopen from 29 June. Non-essential retailers in Wales will be told they can reopen from Monday, the first minister is expected to announce on Friday.
Non-food stores saw the biggest increase in sales last month, according to the Office for National Statistics (ONS).
However, despite May's rebound, sales overall were still down by 13.1% on February, before the coronavirus lockdown measures were introduced.
Samuel Tombs, chief UK economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics, cautioned that the "overall consumer picture remains bleak".
"May's recovery in retail sales should not be interpreted as a sign that the economy is embarking on a healthy V-shaped recovery from Covid-19," he said.
"Retail sales account for only a third of households' overall spending. Naturally, spending on goods will recover faster than on services, which usually require human contact and remain largely unavailable."
May's retail sales were always going to be better than the off-the-charts collapse in April, when the full force of the lockdown was underway.
The decline is now reversing. But it's far from clear when retail sales will return to pre-Covid-19 levels.
When non-essential shops re-opened in England on Monday, with lots of queues for some of the most popular stores, footfall was still far lower than normal. And with social distancing in place, retailers will have to limit customer numbers where necessary.
Fewer customers will mean fewer sales. With unemployment set to rise and the various government support schemes starting to ebb away, many people's finances will start to come under real pressure.
In the three months to May, sales fell overall by 12.8%, in comparison with the previous three. Drops in sales were seen across all types of shops except for food and non-store retailing, which includes hardware and DIY stores.
"According to retailers in this sector, consumers appeared to be carrying out home improvements while spending more time than usual in their homes," the ONS said.
Shopping habits
Online sales rose to their highest proportion on record in May while consumers stayed at home. They accounted for 33.4% of total spending, compared with 30.8% in April, the ONS added.
Lynda Petherick, head of retail for Accenture UK and Ireland, said: "Given the wholesale shifts in consumer behaviour these last few months, it would be optimistic to assume shopping habits will return to normal in the immediate future.
"As the proportion of shoppers buying online continues to soar, the individual retailers who best recover in this new environment will be those who can quickly adapt to accelerating trends, such as the shift to ecommerce and the digitalisation of both 'in-store' and online experiences."
Peter Cowgill, executive chairman of JD Sports, told the BBC's Today programme that the chain's online sales had "gained a lot of momentum" in April and May.
He added that he hoped to see the same "kickback" in stores after non-essential retailers in England were allowed to reopen on 15 June.
"We saw a tremendous upsurge on Monday in footfall, particularly in out-of-town retail parks. What we've found in Europe though is that tends to level out.
"I think that as consumer confidence continues to grow though, that the level of footfall will grow with it," Mr Cowgill added.
On Monday, stores across England selling non-essential goods opened their doors for the first time since the lockdown began.
Shoppers arrived early to centre:mk in Milton Keynes. Some were picking up goods they had been waiting months to buy, such as baby clothes and home furnishings. Others were there for the sales. These shoppers told us what they bought - and why.
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